Fig. 3

a The absorbance spectra of Gd@CDs before and after loading Dox and IR825; b HRTEM imaging of Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs (inset, statistical analysis by nanomeasurer software); c Dox and IR825 release curves at different pH (pH = 4.92, 7.38); d Temperature curves of deionized water and Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs solutions at different concentrations during NIR laser irradiation (808 nm, 3 W); e The IR thermal images of deionized water and Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs solution (1 mg/mL) after NIR laser irradiation (808 nm, 3 W); f Temperature increments of Dox@IR825@Gd@CDs (1 mg/mL) suspension under NIR laser irradiation (808 nm, 3 W) for five cycles (5 min for each cycle). Data expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01;***P < 0.005. P values represent the outcome of Multiple Comparisons in Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)