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Table 1 Surface roughness results of each titanium topography (n = 3)

From: Micro/nano-textured hierarchical titanium topography promotes exosome biogenesis and secretion to improve osseointegration

Sample

Sa (μm)

Sq (μm)

SLM

13.05 ± 0.25bcd

16.51 ± 0.20bcd

SLA

4.21 ± 0.57a

5.07 ± 0.47a

SAH

4.19 ± 0.21a

5.24 ± 0.26a

SAO

4.57 ± 0.17a

5.89 ± 0.51a

  1. a, b, c, and d indicate significant difference compared to SLM, SLA, SAH, and SAO respectively (p < 0.05)