Fig. 3
From: Small-volume detection: platform developments for clinically-relevant applications
The development of small-volume sample analysis techniques for nasal fluid analysis. a Advanced desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) analysis combined with current nasal fluid absorption methodology to provide direct mucosal diagnosis based on small-volume, unprocessed mucosal sample. Charged droplets for mucosal sample extraction and transportation to a mass spectrometer [76]. b Advanced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique combined with current nasal fluid absorption methodology to detect for oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus in nasal fluid [84]