Table 2 Promising leishmanicidal-laden Nano-DDS with a potential of toxicity reduction
From: Nanotechnology based solutions for anti-leishmanial impediments: a detailed insight
Type of nanosystem | Nanosystem engineered | Loaded anti-leishmanial drug | Characterization | Leishmanial strain | Animal model | Major results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipid-based nanocarriers | PEGylated Liposomes | Amphotericin-B | Human studies | – | – | Improved patient tolerance Reduction in infusion-related and systemic toxicity Improvement of the pharmacokinetic profile of Amp-B | [144] |
PEGylated Liposomes | Meglumine Antimonate | In vivo | L. infantum | Mongrel dogs and BALB/c mice | Reduction in systemic toxicity, improved circulation time, and significant parasitic burden reduction in liver and spleen | [131] | |
Solid Lipid NPs | Imiquimod | In vitro | – | – | Reduced cytotoxicity evaluated in MTT assay using HaCaT cells | [134] | |
Polymeric nanocarriers | Chitosan-Chondroitin sulfate NPs | Amp-B | In vitro | L. amazonensis L. chagasi | – | Enhanced activity against L. amazonensis with a considerable surge in intramacrophage uptake 90% parasitic killing in infected macrophages | [138] |
Bovine serum albumin NPs | Amp-B | In vitro + In vivo | L. amazonensis | BALB/c mice | Amp-B-BSA-NPs, with a mean size of 173 ± 5 nm, was found to exhibit a higher CC50 value (70-fold than plain Amp-B), lower IC50 to that of the plain drug, and reduce lesion size after 2 weeks of treatment | [141] | |
Albumin NPs | Meglumine Antimonate | In vitro | L. major | – | Drug loaded Albumin NPs were experimented with and found to have lower IC50 as compared to the plain drug accompanied with the highest CC50 | [140] | |
Alginate NPs | Miltefosine | In vitro + In vivo | – | G. mellonella Larvae | MFS loaded Alginate NPs observed with no hemolytic and cytotoxic properties | [139] | |
Graphene-based nanocarriers | Carbon Nanotubes | Amphotericin-B | In vitro + in vivo | L. donovani | BALB/c mice | No sign of any sort of damage was observed in BALB/c mice models particularly the absence of renal and hepatic toxicity | [142] |
Silica-based nanocarriers | Mesoporous Silica NPs | Pentamidine | In vitro | – | – | Drug loaded MSNs exhibit control release of encapsulated drug and minimal nephrotoxicity associated with pentamidine parenteral administration | [143] |