Fig. 2
Structure, composition and physiochemical property characterizations of PpIX/3-MA@Lip nanoliposomes. a Synthetic procedure of PpIX/3-MA@Lip nanosonosensitizers. b TEM image of PpIX/3-MA@Lip nanoliposomes. Scale bar = 200 nm. c Hydrodynamic diameters, and d UV–vis spectra of Lip, PpIX@Lip and PpIX/3-MA@Lip. e Schematic illustration of US-triggered ROS production based on PpIX/3-MA@Lip. f ESR spectra of PpIX/3-MA@Lip with or without US irradiation (1.0 MHz, 1.5 W cm−2, 1 min). TEMP with US irradiation was used for control comparison. g Concentration and h time dependent DPBF absorption spectra of PpIX/3-MA@Lip nanoliposome under US irradiation (1.0 MHz, 1.5 W cm−2, 1 min)