Fig. 2

Treatment with HGC-TAC ameliorated lupus activity and proteinuria in MRL/lpr mice. a A schematic of the timeline of HGC-TAC treatment and experimental analysis. b Survival curve of the mice in each group. WT wild-type. c Serum samples were analyzed for anti-double strand DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody in serum, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and complement C3 levels. d Protein and albumin excretion were measured in urine samples collected in metabolic cages for 24 h. Urine protein and albumin were normalized for urine creatinine. UPCR Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. e, f The body weights and the kidney-to-body weight ratio of the groups. Data are representative of three independent experiments. All values are presented as mean ± SEM. The experiment was performed with 6 mice per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, ^#P < 0.05 HGC-TAC-treated MRL/lpr mice compared with vehicle-treated MRL/lpr mice. ns not statistically significant