Persistent luminescence nanoparticles for cancer theranostics application

Table 1 Comparison of synthesis methods of PLNPs

Synthesis methods	Size (nm)	Morphology	Uniformity	Surfaces group	PersL time	Refs.
Sol–gel method	50–100	Bad	Bad	Lack	Long	[25, 31]
Template method	50–500	Good	Good	Lack	Medium	[32,33,34]
Hydrothermal/solvothermal method	5–20	Good	Good	Abundance	Short	[35,36,37]
Co-synthesis method	20–60	Medium	Medium	Lack	Long	[38,39,40]

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