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Fig. 6 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 6

From: Graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheets with combined chemo/photothermal/photodynamic therapy to overcome gastric cancer (GC) paclitaxel resistance by reducing mitochondria-derived adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)

Fig. 6

Production of ROS in mitochondria induced by photo-therapeutic effects of GO-PEG-OSA could combat drug resistance. a. ROS in HGC-27/PTX cells after incubation with or without NIR in the presence of GO-PEG-OSA. b MTP in HGC-27/PTX cells after incubation with or without NIR in the presence of GO-PEG-OSA. c Mitochondrial-derived ROS in HGC-27/PTX cells after incubation with or without NIR in the presence of GO-PEG-OSA. d–h Mitochondrial complex I-V activities in HGC-27/PTX cells after incubation with or without NIR in the presence of GO-PEG-OSA. i Relative content of ATP in HGC-27/PTX cells after incubation with or without NIR in the presence of GO-PEG-OSA. j Relative Rho123 withheld in HGC-27/PTX cells after incubation with or without NIR in the presence of GO-PEG-OSA. Data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 5. * indicates P < 0.05, *** indicates P < 0.001

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