Table 1 Applications of GBNs in chemotherapy

[113]

GO

_

A-Im

DOX

pH-dependent, up to 91% DOX loading

T47D

BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors

Tumors were eliminated 10 days after intravenous injection of GO-A-Im/DOX, and no regrowth was detected

[114]

GO

FA, heparin

PEI, GDC0941

DOX

Dual targeting

4T1

BALB/c nude mice

Both inhibited the primary tumor and suppressed pulmonary metastasis

[115]

GO

_

PEG

DOX

Maximal DOX-loading rate reached, 99.6%

EMT-6

_

Promoted the apoptosis of tumor cells induced by DOX and increased targeting sensitivity and water solubility

[116]

GO

_

_

DOX

pH-sensitive

MCF-7/ADR

_

Reversed drug resistance

[117]

GO

_

F38, T80, MD

EA

pH-dependent

MCF-7

_

Enhanced the cytotoxicity of EA when loaded on functionalized GO

[111]

GO

_

PEG

PTX

High PTX-loading capacity

MCF-7

_

Improved the bioavailability of PTX and showed increased cytotoxicity

[98]

GO

_

PEG

PTX

pH-sensitive

MCF-7

_

Showed increased cytotoxicity

[45]

GO

FA

Methyl acrylate

PTX

_

MD-MB-231

DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma-bearing rats

Alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer

[118]

Graphene

_

_

GA

_

MCF-7

_

Suppressed cellular integrity

[119]

GO

HA

Pluronic

MIT

Acid/NIR laser-triggered and accelerated the release of drugs

MCF-7/ADR cells

_

Overcame multidrug resistance (MDR)

[51]

GO

Transferrin

PAH

DTX

pH-dependent

MCF-7

_

Effectively killed cancer cells

[120]

GQDs

_

_

MTX

_

MCF-7

_

Loaded MTX showed significantly more cytotoxicity than free MTX

[121]

Graphene

_

Chitosan gel

MTX

Thermosensitive

MCF-7

Inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells

[122]

Graphene

_

_

MTX

_

4T1

_

Exhibited a high affinity to ctDNA at wide range of concentrations

[123]

GO

_

β-CD, PVP

CPT

_

MCF-7

_

Efficient CPT-loading, release and breast cancer cell-killing activity

[124]

GO, Porous graphene

_

_

Ginseno-side Rh2

_

MDA-MB

_

Enhanced anticancer activity

[8]

GO

_

_

FU

GO

MCF-7

_

Increased the cytotoxicity of FU

[87]

GO

L-arginine

_

FU

Controlled release at pH 5.4

MCF-7

_

Enhanced the loading and release efficiency of 5-FU

[125]

GO

FA

Sulfonic acid groups

DOX, CPT

Targeted delivery

MCF-7

_

Overcame drug resistance

[40]

rGO

_

PF-127

Curcumin, PTX

High loading capacity

MDA-MB-231

_

Showed high potency against MDA cells

[126]

GO

FA

Chitosan

CPT, DIM

Controlled release

MCF-7

Female albino Wistar rats

Showed synergistic anticancer effects and covered the toxicity of CPT

[127]

GQDs

Herceptin

β-CD, PEG

DOX, Herceptin

Dual pH- and GSH- responsive

SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231

Xenotransplantation of human breast cancer cells in mice

Significant inhibition of tumor growth

[52]

GO

Transferrin

_

Pt

pH-responsive drug release

MCF-7

_

Exhibited increased anticancer efficacy

[128]

GO

_

_

Pt

_

MCF-7

_

Increased the accumulation of Pt in breast cancer cells