Fig. 1

Identification of exosomes and TDSCs. A Representative image of HUMSC-Exos observed by electron microscopy. Scale bar: 200 nm. B NTA observation of the size of the HUMSC-Exos. C Surface markers of HUMSCs and HUMSC-Exos measured using western blot. D Cellular uptake of HUMSC-Exos by TDSCs observed using PKH67 staining, scale bar: 20 μm. E Flow cytometry analysis of the surface antigens of TDSCs (n = 5 per group). TDSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. F Alizarin Red S staining, scale bar: 50 μm. G Oil Red O staining, scale bar: 25 μm. H Alcian Blue staining, scale bar: 25 μm