Fig. 4

Quantitative evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HeLa and MSU 1.1 cells using DCFH-DA assay. Results presented as a relative DCF fluorescence intensity of ROS generation as a function of LLCNPs concentration, compared to HBSS and H₂O₂ controls, respectively negative and positive. Asterisks denotes the statistical significant difference compared with controls *—p ≤ 0.05, **—p ≤ 0.01