Fig. 1

Preparation and characterization of PLGA@M and PLGA-LPV@M. A Representative image of PLGA@M examined with transmission electron microscopy. Samples were stained with uranyl acetate. (Scale bar: 100 nm.) B Hydrodynamic diameter and C zeta potential of PLGA NPs, macrophage membrane vesicles (M-vesicles) and PLGA@M after formulation in water (n = 3). D SDS-PAGE electrophoresis protein analysis of cell lysate, M-vesicles and PLGA@M. E Western blots analysis for three key surface markers (IL-6-R, IL-1β-R and ACEII) in cell lysate, M-vesicles, and PLGA@M. F UV−vis spectra of PLGA@M, lopinavir (LPV), PLGA-LPV NPs and PLGA-LPV@M. G Time dependent LPV release profiles from PLGA NPs with (red) or without (black) membranes coating. H Stability of PLGA-LPV@M in deionized water, 1× PBS, and 50% FBS determined by monitoring particle size over 3 days