Scheme 1

Schematic illustration of macrophage biomimetic nanocarriers based drug delivery system (PLGA-LPV@M) for anti-inflammation and targeted antiviral treatment in COVID-19. PLGA-LPV@M is manifested as a mini macrophage to absorb multiple proinflammatory substances competitively. After that, blocked proinflammatory substances fail to activate macrophages and neutrophils, which reduce the production of cytokines and NETs and alleviate the progression of CSS ultimately. In addition, PLGA-LPV@M could carry drugs homing to the site of viral infection by the inflammatory milieu and EPR effect, and target to the virus, which promote the local accumulation of drugs in the infected tissues, and thus enhance the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy