Fig. 5

Tubular HA-collagen nanofibers enhanced endogenous cell recruitment and cell proliferation at wound site on week 2 after implantation. A HE staining the middle cross-section of regenerated urethra at 2 weeks after scaffold implantation. Scale bars: 20 μm. Red arrows indicate the ECM regenerated along the inner wall of the scaffold, and white arrows indicate the host macrophages collected along the inner wall of the scaffold. B The peri-implant concentrations of TNF-α and IL-10 when implanted at the wound site for 2 weeks. n = 3, *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001. C Representative micrographs of Ki67 immuno-fluorescence staining of the two groups on week 2. Scale bars: 50 μm. D Statistical data of Ki67 positive cell levels of the two groups. n = 3, ***p < 0.001