Fig. 3

Cytotoxicity and mechanism evaluation of Ir-NPs in vitro. Cell viability (a) of Skov3 cells incubated with Ir-1 and Ir-NPs for 12 h with or without white light irradiation. ROS intensity in Skov3 cells after various treatments examined by flow cytometer (b) and CLSM observation (c), scale bar = 100 μm. Flow cytometer analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (d) (using JC-1 as an indicator) for Skov3 incubated with Ir-1 and Ir-NPs for 12 h with or without white light exposure. Cell apoptosis level (e) of Skov3 cells incubated with Ir-1 or Ir-NPs for 12 h under white light irradiation or dark conditions, ****P < 0.0001. Western blot analysis (f) of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins in Skov3 cell after various treatments with or without white light irradiation