Table 2 Recent applications of nanomaterials in CNS diseases

Carbon dots

Solvothermal method

–

Nitrogen (N)- containing polyaromatic

Modulating Cu(II)-mediated β-amyloid aggregation

AD

[170]

PLGA

Solvent evaporation method

Doxorubicin/lapatinib

ACUPA and cyclic TT1

Synergistic anti-tumor

Breast cancer brain metastases

[171]

Carboxylic acid functionalized carbon dots

Acidic oxidation method

Epirubicin and temozolomide

Transferrin

Synergistic anti-tumor

Glioblastoma

[172]

TPGS-transfersomes

Thin-film hydration method

Docetaxel

Folate

Inhibits cell division and proliferation

Glioblastoma

[173]

Lipid-coating mesoporous silica nanoparticle

Stobber method and film hydration method

Paclitaxel

Angiopep-2

Inhibits cell division and proliferation

Glioma

[174]

Polyamidoamine dendrimer

Commercially available

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene

Histidine and arginine

Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic

Ischemic stroke

[175]

Graphene oxide

Modifified Hummers’ method

–

–

Inhibits amyloid beta fifibrillation

Neurodegenerative diseases

[176]

Mesoporous silica nanoparticle

Templating method

Curcumin and chrysin

–

Antioxidant

Neurodegenerative diseases

[177]

Black phosphorus

Liquid phase exfoliation method

Paeoniflorin

Lactoferrin

Attenuate deficits in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH +) neuronal

PD

[178]

Selenium nanoparticles

Chemical reduction method

–

OX26

Regulate cellular metabolic state

Stroke

[179]

Nanostructured lipid carriers

Emulsifification and solvent evaporation method

Baicalin and Salvianolic acid B

OX26

Oxygen–glucose deprivation

Stroke

[180]

Fe₃O₄

Solvothermal method

–

PEG

Ameliorate local redox state and facilitate blood − brain-barrier recovery

Stroke

[181]