Fig. 3

a Generation of ABTS⁺˙ in AIPH + ABTS and AIPH + ABTS + GSH at 37 or 44 °C for different time periods. [AIPH] = 20 µg mL⁻¹, [ABTS] = 20 µg mL⁻¹, [GSH] = 0.5 mM. b Generation of ABTS⁺˙ in APCZ + ABTS + GSH (pH 5.0) at 44 °C for different time periods. [APCZ] = 400 µg mL⁻¹, [ABTS] = 20 µg mL⁻¹, [GSH] = 0.5 mM. c The generation of ABTS⁺˙ in the APCZ + ABTS + GSH (pH 5.0) + Laser group. The APCZ + ABTS + GSH mixture was first exposed to 1064 nm laser (1.0 W cm⁻², 10 min) and then incubated at pH 5.0 for different time periods. [APCZ] = 1 mg mL⁻¹, [ABTS] = 50 µg mL⁻¹, [GSH] = 1 mM. d The degradation of MB under different conditions for 60 min. [MB] = 10 µg mL⁻¹, [H₂O₂] = 10 mM, [Cu²⁺] = 0.5 mM, [GSH] = 0.5 mM, [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mM. e The degradation of MB as a function of time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min). [MB] = 10 µg mL⁻¹, [H₂O₂] = 10 mM, [Cu²⁺] = 0.5 mM, [GSH] = 0.5 mM, [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mM. f The degradation of MB as a function of H₂O₂ concentration (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM) for 60 min. [MB] = 10 µg mL⁻¹, [Cu²⁺] = 0.5 mM, [GSH] = 0.5 mM, [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mM. g The degradation of MB in the presence of GSH (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mM) for 60 min. [MB] = 10 µg mL⁻¹, [H₂O₂] = 10 mM, [Cu²⁺] = 0.5 mM, [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mM. h The degradation of MB by PVP-CuS-induced Fenton-like reaction for 5, 10 and 15 min. [MB] = 10 µg mL⁻¹, [H₂O₂] = 10 mM, [PVP-CuS] = 20 µg mL⁻¹, [GSH] = 0.5 mM, [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mM. (i) The degradation of MB by PVP-CuS-induced Fenton-like reaction at room temperature (25 °C), 37, 45 and 53 °C for 5 min. [MB] = 10 µg mL⁻¹, [H₂O₂] = 10 mM, [PVP-CuS] = 20 µg mL⁻¹, [GSH] = 0.5 mM, [HCO₃⁻] = 25 mM