Fig. 5

Estimation of kidney function indicators: A BUN and B CRE in healthy mice and RM-AKI and CP-AKI mice treated with PBS, AMF or PB NZs. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 3). ns non-significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 versus the RM-AKI or CP-AKI PBS-treated group, respectively. The injection dose of PB NZs (2 mg/mL) is 100 μL. C H&E stained images of kidney tissues collected from each group. Arrows indicate damaged tubules, and asterisks indicate the formation of casts. The scale bar is 100 µm. D Fluorescence images obtained by the TUNEL assay, with cell nuclei stained with DAPI; green fluorescence indicates cellular apoptosis. The scale bar is 20 µm. The survival curves of E RM-AKI and F CP-AKI mice in the 14 days following PBS, AMF, or PB NZs treatment. The injection dose of PB NZs (2 mg/mL) is 100 μL