Fig. 5

a Western blotting analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase 3 in BxPC-3 cells incubated under various treatment conditions. β-tubulin was used as an internal control. ImageJ was used to quantify protein levels. Data are means ± S.D. (n = 3). **P < 0.01. b Cell cycle progression was evaluated by staining cancer cells with PI and was assessed via flow cytometry after various treatments (n = 3). c Confocal images of cancer cells in which the nuclei were stained blue with Hoechst and the γ-H2AX foci bright green following nuclear-targeting Ti-TCPP MOF treatment and US irradiation. d A DNA ladder assay was used to evaluate DNA damage after nucleus-targeted SDT therapy. A Control, B US, C Ti-TCPP, D Ti-TCPP + US