Fig. 1

A TEM images of MPDA; scale bar 500 nm (left), 100 nm (middle), and 50 nm (right). B TEM images of IR-780@MPDA; scale bar 50 nm. C The pellet of MPDA and IR-780@MPDA after NIR fluorescence imaging. D UV–Vis spectra of MPDA, IR-780, and IR-780@MPDA at the same proportional concentrations. E Hydrodynamic diameter of MPDA and IR-780@MPDA. F The zeta potential of MPDA, IR-780, and IR-780@MPDA. G Nitrogen sorption isotherms of IR-780@MPDA. H Pore size distribution curve of the IR-780@MPDA. I Loading capacity of MPDA