Fig. 5

Other cell membrane-based therapy. A Schematic illustration of apoptotic bodies membrane coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), which could actively target macrophages for inflammation modulation. Reproduced from [144]. © The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee AAAS. B Schematic illustration of liposome hybrids with platelet membranes for delivery of rapamycin targeting atherosclerosis. Reproduced from [147], copyright 2020, with permission from Elsevier. C Schematic illustration of cell membrane memetic therapy, which incorporated proteins derived from plasma membrane into lipid NPs to achieve both high surface complexity and better manufacture efficacy. Reproduced by permission from Springer [148], copyright 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4644. D Schematic illustration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) fused with monocyte membranes for improved efficacy of endothelial maturation promotion and macrophage subpopulation modulation. Reproduced from [149], copyright 2020, with permission from Elsevier