Fig. 5

In vitro VSMCs inhibition. a Viability of VSMCs treated with free RAP, PCM/RAP, and MM@PCM/RAP, respectively, at 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μg/mL RAP (n = 5, mean ± SD). b Photographs and c quantification analysis of VSMCs migration treated with free RAP, PCM/RAP, and MM@PCM/RAP, respectively, at 2.5 μg/mL RAP (scale bar = 200 µm, n = 5, mean ± SD). Significances among the groups were determined by one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons with the Tukey or Dunn honest significant difference. **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. ns, no significance