Fig. 2

Signatures of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs and pharmacological network analysis. A The proteomic signature of iMSC-EVs and pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. The heatmap represents the abundance of EVs protein. B The transcriptomic signature of fatty acid-stimulated HepG2 cells that were subsequently treated with iMSC-EVs or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. The heatmap represents Z-score hierarchical clustering. C Scatter plot of DEGs in fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells. The vertical axis indicates the expression levels of genes in the vehicle-treated control, and the horizontal axis indicates those in fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells. D KEGG pathway enrichment of DEGs in fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells. The KEGG pathway represented by each dot is as follows. FA: fatty acid metabolism, INS: insulin signaling pathway, Thermo: thermogenesis, Th17: Th17 cell differentiation. The vertical axis indicates the q-value of each pathway, and the horizontal axis indicates the gene ratio. E The connected drug signature of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. The connected drugs are ranked according to the connective score with pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. F The pharmacological network of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs signature. The red nodes indicate the signature proteins of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs, and the blue nodes indicate the NAFLD-enriched genes. The confidence level of the edge is more than 0.9. G KEGG pathway enrichment of the pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs signature in HepG2 cells. The enriched KEGG pathways are ranked using the (−) log-transformed q-value, and the genes identified in each pathway are depicted below. The red characters indicate the signature proteins of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs, and the blue characters indicate the signature genes upregulated upon pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs treatment. The black characters indicate the targets associated with the signature drugs of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs