Fig. 3

Effect of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs on the restoration of hepatic structure and function. A Experimental scheme of NASH induction and pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs administration. B Representative images of liver tissues from normal mice and mice with MCD diet-induced NASH that received PBS or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. Mice treated with a GLP-1R agonist were used as the positive controls. C, D Serum ALT and AST levels in NASH mice that received PBS or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. Normal; n = 6, MCD-diet; n = 5. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. E Hematoxylin and eosin staining in liver tissues from mice administered an MCD diet and PBS or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. Scale bar: 50 μm. F Analysis of NAFLD activity score (NAS) using the index of inflammation, hypertrophy, and steatosis scores