Fig. 4

Attenuation of hepatic steatosis in mice with MCD diet-induced NASH by pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. A Representative images of lipid droplet staining (Oil red O) in liver tissues from NASH mice and relative quantification. Scale bar: 200 μm. Normal; n = 6, MCD-diet; n = 5. Data are presented as mean ± SD. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. B Analysis of ACC1 and SREBP1 protein expression in liver tissues from NASH mice. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. C qPCR analysis of lipogenic genes in primary hepatocytes after treatment with vehicle (PBS), pan PPAR agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. D Immunoblot analysis of phospho-AMPK levels in fatty acid-stimulated primary hepatocytes after treatment with the vehicle (PBS), pan PPAR agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. The density of phosphorylated AMPK was normalized to that of total AMPK. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05