Fig. 6

Pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs-mediated reduction of ER stress in hepatocytes and liver tissue. A Analysis of ER stress-responsive gene expression in the liver tissues of normal or NASH mice treated with vehicle (PBS), GLP-1R agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. Normal; n = 6, MCD-diet; n = 5. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. B Immunoblot analysis of CHOP in the liver tissues of NASH mice treated with vehicle (PBS), GLP-1R agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. C Analysis of ER stress-responsive gene expression in normal or thapsigargin-treated primary hepatocytes that were subsequently treated with the vehicle (PBS), pan PPAR agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. n = 3. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001