Fig. 7

Pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs-mediated reduction of mitochondrial oxidative stress in hepatocytes and liver tissue. A qPCR analysis of genes involved in ROS generation (iNOS) and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and NRF2) in the liver tissues of NASH mice treated with the vehicle (PBS), GLP-1R agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. Normal; n = 6, MCD-diet; n = 5. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. B Immunoblot analysis of PGC-1α and NRF2 in the liver tissues of NASH mice treated with PBS, GLP-1R agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. The bar charts are for the four replicates. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05. C Comparison of ROS generation in primary hepatocytes treated with PBS, pan PPAR agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs under oxidative stress. Scale bars: 100 μm. The intensity of ROS was normalized against that of nuclear staining. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001