Fig. 8

Regenerative potential of pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs in steatotic hepatocytes. A Expression analysis of genes indicative of maturity in primary hepatocytes after treatment with pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. PBS was used in the control group. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. **P < 0.01. B Flow cytometric analysis of CD90 expression in primary hepatocytes after treatment with PBS or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. The isotype IgG control was used for comparison. C Comparison of the viability of primary hepatocytes after treatment with PBS, pan PPAR agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. n = 3. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. D Immunoblot analysis of annexin5 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the liver tissues from NASH mice treated with PBS, GLP-1R agonist, or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs. n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. E Immunoblot analysis of AKT in PBS-, pan PPAR agonist- or pan PPAR-iMSC-EVs-pretreated human primary hepatocytes that were subsequently stimulated with fatty acids. The density of phosphorylated AKT was normalized to that of total AKT. n = 3. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01