Fig. 1
CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs synthesis, characterization, and protein adsorption efficiency. a Schematic illustration of the formation process of CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs. b TEM images of CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs. c HAADF-STEM image of CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs and corresponding O, Mo, P, Cs, C, and N elemental mapping. d The hydrodynamic diameters (dh) and polydisperse index (PDI) values of CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). For CDS-PMo12@PVP0 (dh = 613.8 ± 2.3, PDI = 0.197 ± 0.005), CDS-PMo12@PVP0.05 (dh = 572.2 ± 2.7, PDI = 0.186 ± 0.01), CDS-PMo12@PVP0.1 (dh = 496.7 ± 2.4, PDI = 0.181 ± 0.005), CDS-PMo12@PVP0.25 (dh = 461.6 ± 4.1, PDI = 0.139 ± 0.007), CDS-PMo12@PVP0.5 (dh = 310.1 ± 3.3, PDI = 0.128 ± 0.005), and CDS-PMo12@PVP1 (dh = 240.1 ± 2.1, PDI = 0.119 ± 0.005), Standard deviations were calculated from three independent measurements. e XRD patterns of the CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs. f The adsorption efficiency of CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs towards three types of proteins. g the Zeta-potential of CDS-PMo12@PVPx(x = 0 ~ 1) NPs (B-R buffer, pH = 6). h SEM images of CDS-PMo12@PVP0 and CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs after absorbing the mixed solution of three types of proteins. Arrows indicate that the obvious protein coating induce rough surfaces of CDS-PMo12@PVP0 NPs and very few proteins coating on the surface of CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs