Fig. 2

Drug release performance of HPDC NPs. A DOC content and B the DEE and DLC of NPs with varied initial input weights (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg) (n = 3 per group). C The DOC release status of various treatment groups over 48 h, including HPDC only, HDC + NIR − I laser and HPDC + NIR − I laser groups. The NPs were exposed to laser irradiation (1 W cm⁻², 5 min) at 2 h (n = 3 per group). D Schematic diagram of laser-triggered release behavior of DOC from HPDC NPs