Fig. 3

TH-NPs limited tumor invasion and migration by blocking autophagy flux in vitro. A Schematic diagram showing blockade of chemotherapy-induced autophagic flux can limit tumor invasion and migration by decreasing FAs disassembly. B Western blotting analysis of the autophagy marker proteins LC3 and p62, and its downstream pathway proteins FAs including E-cadherin and paxillin at the cell level. C IF images demonstrating OXA-triggered protective autophagy degrades E-cadherin and D paxillin, TH-NPs treatment would reverse or increase E-cadherin and paxillin expression. Scale bar: 20 μm. E Quantitative analysis of the E-cadherin and paxillin of the IF results. F Images of the TH-NPs on invasion and migration of HCCLM3 cells in vitro. G The quantitative analysis of invaded cells and H migration area of TH-NPs on HCCLM3 cells. Data were displayed as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001