Fig. 3

CD38 and CD28 expression in CD8+ T cells at varied time points under different treatment. a Flow cytometry analysis of CD38 expression in CD8+ T cells infiltrated in H22 tumor tissue under different treatments as shown in Fig. 2a. b The qRT-PCR analysis of CD38 level in CD8+ T cells transfected with CD38siRNAs (50 nM) modified by anti-CD7-9R complex. c The flow cytometry assays of T cells transfected with CD38siRNAs (50 nM) modified by anti-CD7-9R complex. d Evaluation of T-cell toxicity in 4T1 cell line incubated under different circumstance by LDH dehydrogenase assay. 1 control; 2 CD38siRNA; 3 anti-PD-1; 4 CD38siRNA + anti-PD-1. e The assessment of capacity of T cells in killing 4T1 cells under described treatment (CD38siRNA, anti-PD-1, CD38siRNA + anti-PD-1) was represented by intensities of GFP. The scale bar is 50 μm. f, g Q-PCR analysis and flow cytometry assays were conducted to monitor CD28 level in CD8+ T cells via CD38 blockade. h The flow cytometry assays of CD28 expression in CD8+ T cells infiltrated in H22 tumor tissue under PTT or surgery treatments 5 or 10 days. i The correlation between CD38 and CD28 expressions in the CD8+ T cells infiltrated in H22 tumor tissue under different treatments. Statistical analysis was conducted by the Student t test for two groups and the one-way ANOVA for multiple groups, and the statistical significance was set as *P < 0.05; ****P < 0.001