Fig. 4

A–E Effect of the 3D hydrogel/nanofiber composite scaffolds on cell behavior in vitro. A–C The proliferation of the three kinds of cells in the different groups: A HaCaTs, B HUVECs, C HDFs. D HUVECs adhesion on the surfaces of the different kinds of scaffolds. E HUVECs infiltration through the scaffolds (blue, cell nucleus; red, cytoskeleton). F–K Quantitative analysis of VE-Cad (F), G N-Cad, H VEGF, I e-NOS, J HIF-1α, K KDR genes expressed in different groups. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)