Table 1 Summary of characteristics of included studies

1

Surface functionalization of exosomes using click chemistry

Tyson S, Krastina P, Nicole MP, Indushekhar P, Jasmina S. Redzic, M. Graner, Peter SJ, Thomas JA

United States

Click Chemistry

[27]

2

In situ one-step fluorescence labeling strategy of exosomes via bioorthogonal click chemistry for real-time exosome tracking in vitro and in vivo

Sukyung S, Man KS, Seungho L, Yujeong M, Suah Y, Jinseong K, Yeonsun H, Hong YY, In-San K, Kwang YH and Kwangmeyung K

Republic of Korea

Click Chemistry

[28]

3

Surface functionalized exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles for cerebral ischemia therapy

Tian T, Zhang HX, He CP, Fan S, Zhu YL, Qi C, Huang NP, Xiao ZD, Lu ZH, Tannous BA, Gao J

China

Click Chemistry

[29]

4

Facile metabolic glycan labeling strategy for exosome tracking

Lee TS, Kim Y, Zhang W, Song IH, Tung CH

Republic of Korea

Click Chemistry

[30]

5

Systematic quantification of the dynamics of newly synthesized proteins unveiling their degradation pathways in human cells

Ming T, Johanna MS, Haopeng X, Ronghu W

United States

Click Chemistry

[31]

6

Integrating protein engineering and bioorthogonal click conjugation for extracellular vesicle modulation and intracellular delivery

Wang M, Altinoglu S, Takeda YS, Xu Q

United States

Click Chemistry

[32]

7

Liposome co-incubation with cancer cells secreted exosomes (extracellular vesicles) with different proteins expressions and different uptake pathways

Emam, SE., Ando, H., Lila, ASA. Sherif EE, Hidenori A, Lila ASA, Taro S, Keiichiro O, Yu I, Mahmoud AM, Fakhr-eldin SG, Ikuko S, Tatsuhiro I

Japan

Co-incubation

[33]

8

Focused ultrasound-augmented targeting delivery of nano-sonosensitizers from homogenous exosomes for enhanced sonodynamic cancer therapy

Xiaobing W, Yichen L, Lianmei B, Kaili G, Yali J, Kun Z, Quanhong L, Pan W

China

Co-incubation

[34]

9

In vitro cultured human endometrial cells release extracellular vesicles that can be uptaken by spermatozoa

Valentina M, Elisa G, Sofia M, Natasa Z, Massimo C, Andrea S, Riccardo V,Paola V

Italy

Co-incubation

[35]

10

Treatment of brain inflammatory diseases by delivering exosome encapsulated anti-inflammatory drugs from the nasal region to the brain

Zhuang X, Xiang X, Grizzle W, Sun D, Zhang S, Axtell R. C, Ju S, Mu J, Zhang L, Steinman L, Miller D, Zhang HG

USA

Co-incubation

[15]

11

Exosomes derived from oviduct cells mediate the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway in cumulus cells

Lee SH, Oh HJ, Kim MJ, Lee BC

Republic of Korea

Co-incubation

[36]

12

Functional delivery of lipid-conjugated siRNA by extracellular vesicles

Aisling JOL, Imre M, Olivier G. de J, Miguel AV, Raymond MS, Samir EA, Matthew JAW, Pieter V

United Kingdom

Co-incubation

[37]

13

Immune modulatory function of abundant immune-related microRNAs in microvesicles from bovine colostrum

Qi S, Xi C, Jianxiong Y, Liang L, ChenYZ, Ke Z

China

Co-incubation

[38]

14

Delivery of small interfering RNA to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor in zebrafish using natural brain endothelia cell-secreted exosome nanovesicles for the treatment of brain cancer

Tianzhi Y, Brittany F, Bret L, Salma A, Thuy P, Leanne L,Shuhua B

USA

Chemical Transfection

[39]

15

Exosome–liposome hybrid nanoparticles deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system in MSCs

Yao L, Jiahua W, Weihuai GY, HuangZT, Lijia H, Jiali T

China

Chemical Transfection

[40]

16

Cancer-derived exosomes as a delivery platform of CRISPR/ Cas9 confer cancer cell tropism-dependent targeting

Kim SM, Yang Y, Oh SJ, Hong Y, Seo M, Jang M

Republic of Korea

Electroporation

[41]

17

Development of exosome-encapsulated paclitaxel to overcome MDR in cancer cells

Kim MS, Haney MJ, Zhao Y, Mahajan V, Deygen I, Klyachko NL, Inskoe E, Piroyan A, Sokolsky M, Okolie O, Hingtgen SD, Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV

USA

Electroporation

[42]

18

Improved loading of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles to encapsulate antitumor miRNAs

Pomatto MAC, Bussolati B, D'Antico S, Ghiotto S, Tetta C, Brizzi MF, Camussi G

Italy

Electroporation

[43]

19

Active loading into extracellular vesicles significantly improves the cellular uptake and photodynamic effect of porphyrins

Fuhrmann G, Serio A, Mazo M, Nair R, Stevens MM

UK

Electroporation

[44]

20

Engineering hybrid exosomes by membrane fusion with liposomes

Sato YT, Umezaki K, Sawada S, Mukai SA, Sasaki Y, Harada N, Shiku H, Akiyoshi K

Japan

Freeze–Thaw

[45]

21

Engineering exosomes as refined biological nanoplatforms for drug delivery

Luan X, Sansanaphongpricha K, Myers I, Chen H, Yuan H, Sun D

USA

Freeze–Thaw

[46]

22

Potential therapeutic effects of exosomes packed with a miR-21-sponge construct in a rat model of glioblastoma

Monfared H, Jahangard Y, Nikkhah M, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Mowla SJ

Iran

Freeze–Thaw

[47]

23

Donor dendritic cell-derived exosomes promote allograft-targeting immune response

Liu Q, Rojas-Canales DM, Divito SJ, Shufesky WJ, Stolz DB, Erdos G, Sullivan ML, Gibson GA, Watkins SC, Larregina AT, Morelli AE

USA

Freeze–Thaw

[48]

24

Post-production modifications of murine mesenchymal stem cell (mMSC) derived extracellular vesicles(EVs) and impact on their cellular interaction

Le SS, Aarrass H, Lai KHJ, Bron P, Armengaud J, Miotello G, Bertrand-Michel J, Dubois E, George S, Faklaris O, Devoisselle JM, Legrand P, Chopineau J, Morille M

France

Freeze–Thaw

[49]

25

The Immune Activity of PT-Peptide Derived from Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor of the Swimming Crab Portunustrituberculatus Is Enhanced when Encapsulated in Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Lee BH, Chen BR, Huang CT, Lin CH

Taiwan

Freeze–Thaw

[50]

26

Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson’s disease therapy

Matthew JH, Natalia LK, Yuling Z, Richa G, Evgeniya GP, Zhijian H, Tejash P, Aleksandr P, Marina S, Alexander VK, Elena VB

Russia

Freeze–Thaw, Sonication

[51]

27

Cytochalasin-B-inducible nanovesicle mimics of natural extracellular vesicles that are capable of nucleic acid tranfer

Oshchepkova A, Neumestova A, Matveeva V, Artemyeva L, Morozova K, Kiseleva E, Zenkova M, Vlassov V

Russia

Freeze–Thaw, Sonication

[52]

28

Engineering macrophage-derived exosomes for targeted paclitaxel delivery to pulmonary metastases: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Kim MS, Haney MJ, Zhao Y, Yuan D, Deygen I, Klyachko NL, Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV

USA

Sonication

[53]

29

Paclitaxel incorporated exosomes derived from glioblastoma cells: comparative study of two loading techniques

Salarpour S, Forootanfar H, Pournamdari, M. Meysam AZ, Marzie E, Abbas P

Iran

Sonication

[54]

30

Exosome-based tumor antigens adjuvant co-delivery utilizing genetically engineered tumor cell-derived exosomes with immunostimulatoryCpG DNA

Morishita M, Takahashi Y, Matsumoto A, Nishikawa M, Takakura Y

Japan

Genetic Engineering

[55]

31

Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing microRNA-25 protect spinal cords against transient ischemia

Zhao L, Jiang X, Shi J, Gao S, Zhu Y, Gu T, Shi E

China

Genetic Engineering

[56]

32

Engineered exosomes for targeted transfer of siRNA to HER2 positive breast cancer cells

Limoni SK, Moghadam MF, Moazzeni SM, Gomari H, Salimi F

Iran

Genetic Engineering

[57]

33

Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes

Alvarez-EL, Seow Y, Yin H, Betts C, Lakhal S, Wood M

UK

Genetic Engineering

[58]

34

Exosomes engineered to express a cardiomyocyte binding peptide demonstrate improved cardiac retention in vivo

Mentkowski KI, Lang, JK

USA

Genetic Engineering

[59]

35

Microfluidic fabrication of cell-derived nanovesicles as endogenous RNA carriers

Wonju J, Dayeong J, Junho K, Siwoo C, Su C. J, Chungmin H, Ji YK, Yong SG, Jaesung P

Republic of Korea

Microfluidics

[60]

36

Microfluidic on-demand engineering of exosomes towards cancer immunotherapy

Zhao Z, McGill J, Gamero KPP, He M

USA

Microfluidics

[61]