Fig. 5

MSC-Sec/CXCR4 NPs therapy promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption. A Detection of serum TRACP-5b and B osteocalcin level after 4-week and 16-week treatment. C TRAP staining showing the osteoclasts. D Quantification of osteoclasts cells on the bone surface. E Detection of BMP-2 after 4-week and 16-week treatment and F their quantitative results. G Photomicrographs of bone sections stained by H&E. n = 6 rats per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001