Fig. 4

Exo-Gel promoted proliferation and migration of chondrocytes in vitro. A In vitro investigate the effect of conditioned medium after Exo-Gel incubation for 1 week on proliferation and migration of chondrocytes by co-culture. B The cell viability of chondrocytes examined by CCK-8 analysis. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6). *p < 0.05, Exo-Gel compared to Gel group. C Proliferation of chondrocytes was confirmed by EDU kit assay (bar = 100 μm). D Quantification of rate of EDU positive cells in C was performed. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 8). (E) Transwell assay to show a representative image of migrating chondrocytes (bar = 200 μm). F Quantitative analysis of migrating cells in E. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6). G A representative image showing the migration ability of chondrocytes by the scratch test (bar = 500 μm). H Quantitative analysis of chondrocyte migration rate (G). Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6). *p< 0.05