Fig. 3
From: Chondroitin sulfate-AuNRs electroactive scaffolds for on-demand release of biofactors
Cardiac cells viability and function within the CS-AuNRs scaffolds. a Cardiac cell viability as indicated by live/dead staining. b Cardiac cell viability within the scaffolds. c Immunofluorescence staining of the engineered tissue within the CS-AuNR patch. The construct was stained for cardiac α-sarcomeric actinin (pink) and cell nuclei (blue). d Excitation threshold of the engineered tissues. e Quantification of calcium flux (via normalized fluorescence intensity) without electrical stimulation or with 1- or 2-Hz stimulation. The stimulation pattern is shown at the bottom