Fig. 3

Preparation and characterization of nanomissiles (aPD-L1 NVs-ICG). a Vis–NIR absorbance spectra of PBS, aPD-L1 NVs, ICG and aPD-L1 NVs-ICG. b Fluorescence spectrum of ICG and aPD-L1 NVs-ICG at 20 μg/mL. c IR images of the aPD-L1 NVs-ICG and ICG with corresponding concentration under the irradiation of 808 nm laser (1 W/cm², 5 min). d Cell viability of the different concentrations of aPD-L1 NVs-ICG on B16 cells and DCs after co-incubation for 24 h. e Photothermal treatment effect of the B16 cells with aPD-L1 NVs-ICG with or without 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W/ cm², 5 min) in vitro. f Living and dead cell staining images of the B16 cells treated with aPD-L1 NVs-ICG with or without 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W/cm², 5 min). Living cells were stained with calcein acetoxymethyl ester (AM, green fluorescence) and dead cells were stained with propidium iodide (PI, red fluorescence) dye. Scale bar: 100 μm