Fig. 5
From: Functional nanovesicles displaying anti-PD-L1 antibodies for programmed photoimmunotherapy
Preparation and characterization of the AAI. aSchematic diagram of aPD-L1 and OVA co-displayed MSC and AAI extraction. bTEM images for AAI negatively stained with uranyl acetate. Scale bar: 200 nm. c Dynamic diameter of aPD-L1 NVs determined by the dynamic light scattering (DLS). d CLSM image to show the ability of AAI to specifically target binding with DC2.4 cells. AAI were labeled with FITC and nuclei with DAPI. Scale bar: 50 µm. e The expression of CD11c and CD86 (markers for DC maturation) in BMDCs was detected by flow cytometry of after stimulated with each substance in vitro for 48 h. f-i The amount of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-γ in the DC 2.4 cell culture supernatant determined by ELISA after BMDCs incubation with different drugs for 48 h. P values were calculated by Student's t test (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01 or *P < 0.05)