Fig. 6

Local treatment of aPD-L1-PexD-Gel on systemic anti-tumour immune response. A Schematic diagram of treatment in a distal surgical tumour model. (B16-F10-WT: wild type B16-F10 melanoma cells; B16-F10-luc: luciferase-tagged B16-F10 melanoma cells; DC imaging: digital camera imaging). B B16-F10 tumour bioluminescence imaging in vivo in response to local aPD-L1-PexD-Gel treatment. C Growth curves for left and right tumours in untreated and treated mice. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 5). D Representative flow cytometry analysis images of M2 macrophages (CD206hi) and M1 macrophages (CD80hi) on gated F4/80⁺ CD11b⁺ CD45⁺ cells. E Representative flow cytometric analysis of CD4⁺ Foxp3⁺ T cells and CD3⁺ CD8⁺ T cells. F, G Relative quantification in D. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4). H, I Relative quantification in E. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4). J After various treatments, the entire lung India ink staining and H&E staining photos of tumour, kidney, lung, spleen, liver, and heart sections were collected. The yellow and red arrows represented metastases to the liver and lung, respectively. Scale bars: 1 mm. F–I ****P < 0.0001