Table 1 Antibodies and NPs targeting endothelial cells
Targeting approach | Delivered drugs | Models | Effect | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PLGA NP + GPIb fragment | Dexamethasone | In vitro HAECs and ex vivo carotid artery of mice | GPIb-conjugated NPs had five-fold greater absorption by HAECs | [81] |
DOPE-liposome | CD39 mRNA | In vitro A549 cell | Induced a significant change in CD39 expression | [84] |
Anti-VCAM-1 mAbs | Anti-VCAM-1 mAbs | ApoE−/− on HFD (mice) | Inhibited vascular inflammation | [61] |
Cationic liposome + VHPK | miRNA-712 | Carotid ligation (mice) | Prevented atheroma development | [62] |
MB + anti-VCAM-1 scFv | miRNA-126 | Ang II induced AAA (mice) | Changed vessel diameter in AAA murine model | [63] |
Liposomes + E-selectin–binding peptide | Atorvastatin calcium & Curcuma longa | ApoE−/− on HFD (mice) | Inhibited E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression, lowered plasma lipid, prevented foam-cell formation and secretion of inflammatory factors | [72] |
Copolymer + E-selectin–binding peptide | Dexamethasone | ApoE−/− on HFD (mice) | Regressed and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques | [73] |
Microparticles + E-selectin–binding thioaptamer | miR145a & miR181b | ApoE−/− on HFD (mice) | Decreased plaque size and macrophage infiltration in the aortic root | [74] |
Lipid nanoemulsions conjugated to E-selectin–binding peptide | Dexamethasone | C57BL/6 (mice) | Significantly decreased expression of pro-inflammatory markers and endothelium activation, as well as monocyte infiltration | [79] |
P-selectin-targeted cationic PEGylated liposome | RAGE-short hairpin (sh) RNA | ApoE−/− on HFD (mice) | Inhibited leukocytes recruitment and subsequent atherosclerosis | [80] |
Peptide analogue IELLQAR | Selectin inhibition | ApoE−/− on HFD (mice) | Inhibited selectin binding to monocytes and subsequent atherosclerosis | [75] |
Oligopeptide-modified pBAE NP | siRNA | C57BL/6 (mice) | Tissue-driven targeting with high affinity to the artery endothelium, lung, and kidney | [87] |