Fig. 6

Multiple-stage effect of Gel-FeS NPs on PRRSV proliferation. A Inactivation effect of Gel-FeS NPs on PRRSV. The effect of Gel-FeS NPs on the PRRSV infectivity of MARC-145 cells in the infection process of B adsorption, C invasion, D replication, and E, F release (intracellular and supernatant samples, respectively). Error bars represent the standard deviation from three repeated experiments. Control group: the MARC-145 cells were not treated with nanomaterials, but inoculated with PRRSV. The mean value was calculated by the t test (mean ± SD, n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 indicate significant differences compared with the indicated group