Table 3 Summary of different approaches targeting ASGPR
Targeting Ligand (Conjugated Moiety) | Drug | Materials used | Nanocarrier | In vitro | In vivo | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Galactose (DSPE-PEG2000) | Celastrol | Soy phosphatidylcholine Cholesterol | Liposomes | HepG2 | AKT/c-Met induced HCC mouse model | [328] |
Butyryl galactose ester | – | Coix seed oil Coixan Cremophor® RH40 PEG400 | Microemulsion | HepG2 | HepG2 tumor bearing mice | [329] |
Stearyl galactose | – | Coix seed oil Coix seed polysaccharide Cremophor® RH40 PEG400 | Microemulsion | HepG2 L02 Caco-2 | HepG2 tumor bearing mice | [330] |
Galactose (Pluronic P123) | Irinotecan | (2E)-4-(dioleostearin)-amino-4-carbonyl-2-butenonic (DC) [pH sensitive lipid] Phospholipid PC-98Â T CTAB Tetraethyl Orthosilicate | Lipid coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Huh7 L02 | Pharmacokinetics in healthy mice Huh7 ectopic and orthotopic tumor xenograft model in mice | [331] |
Lactoferrin (DSPE-PEG2000-COOH) | – | Soy phosphatidylcholine Cholesterol DSPE-PEG2000 | Liposomes | HepG2 NIH 3T3 ECV304 | Pharmacokinetics in healthy mice HepG2 tumor bearing mice | [332] |
Lactoferrin (DSPE-PEG2000-Mal) | Triiodothyronine (T3) | 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) Dimethyldioctadecyl-ammonium -bromide salt- (DDAB) DSPE-PEG2000 | Liposomes | FaO HepG2 SKHep | – | [333] |
Asialofetuin (DSPE-PEG2000-Mal) | – | DSPC Cholesterol DSPE DSPE-PEG2000 | Liposomes | HepG2 | Tissue distribution in healthy rats | [334] |
Lactobionic Acid (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE)) | DOX | Egg phosphatidylcholine Cholesterol DSPE-mPEG | Liposomes | HepG2 | Pharmacokinetics in healthy mice HepG2 tumor bearing mice | [335] |
Arabinogalactan (Palmitate) | DOX | Lipoid® S 100 Lipoid® S PC 3 Cholesterol | Liposomes | HepG2 MCF7 A549 HT29 | Pharmacokinetics in healthy rats Tissue distribution in healthy mice HepG2 tumor bearing mice | [336] |
Lactose (DOPE) | - | DMPC 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DMPG) 1,2-distearoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride (DSTAP) lauric acid coated magnetite nanocores | Magnetoliposomes | HepG2 C17.2 | - | [337] |