Fig. 2

BHB inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by CoCrMo particles. A Ketogenesis in hepatic mitochondria. B Structure of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc). C BMDMs (LPS-primed) treated with BHB (2 mM), AcAc (2 mM), or BHB (2 mM) + AcAc (2 mM) and stimulated with CoCrMo particles. Supernatants were collected for Caspase-1 and IL-1β detection by western blot. D Quantification of active Caspase-1 (P20) and active IL-1β (P17). E–G BMDMs (LPS-primed) treated with different concentrations of BHB and CoCrMo alloy particles. E Supernatants were collected for IL-1β and IL-18 analysis by ELISA. F The cell lysates and supernatants were detected for Caspase-1 and IL-1β by western blot. G Quantification of active Caspase-1 (P20) and active IL-1β (P17). H LPS-primed THP-1 macrophages (PMA-differentiated) treated with different concentrations of BHB, AcAc or BHB + AcAc and stimulated with CoCrMo particles. Supernatants were collected for Caspase-1 and IL-1β detection by western blot. I Supernatants were collected for IL-1β analysis by ELISA. n = 3. Results are mean ± SEM. *p < .05, ^#p < .001