Fig. 5

Protein adhesion test. a–c Representative time tracks of QCM-D crystal sensors with different coatings in BSA, HSA and Cytochrome C protein solutions, respectively. d–f Different protein adsorption of BSA, HSA and Cytochrome C onto the PVC, PAAm-Gelatin, CS-AgNps@PAAm-Gelatin surfaces before and after modified Gamble’s solution rinse. The data were expressed as means ± SD (n = 3). (***p < 0.001)