Fig. 1

Effects of CeO₂NPs exposure on pregnancy status in mice. The morphology and size of CeO₂NPs. A High-resolution FE-TEM images of CeO₂NPs (Scale bar = 10 nm). B Lattice fringes characteristics of CeO₂NPs (Scale bar = 2 nm). Deposition of CeO₂NPs in placental tissue on GD12 observed by TEM. TEM images of placental tissue of control group (C, F), 5 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ CeO₂NPs-exposed group (D, G), 7.5 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ CeO₂NPs-exposed group (E, H) on GD12 (Upper scale bar = 1 μm, lower scale bar = 200 nm). N: nucleus, red arrows show cerium dioxide nanoparticles. I The uterine appearance on GD10 and GD12 (n = 7, Scale bar = 1 cm). Red arrow indicates embryo absorption with severe uterine bleeding and blue arrow indicates abnormal placenta development on GD12. J Representative images of embryo and placentas respectively collected on GD10 and GD12 (n = 7, Scale bar = 1 cm). Black arrow indicates abnormal bleeding of embryo on GD10, red and blue arrow respectively indicate embryo with hemorrhage and stunted placenta