Fig. 3
CeO2NPs exposure activated autophagy of placental trophoblast cells in mice. A Autophagy in placenta tissue on GD12 was observed by using TEM. Black arrow indicates autophagosome with a double membrane structure, red arrow indicates autolysosome with a single-layer membrane structure containing degraded organelles and yellow arrow indicates lysosome with a monolayer membrane structure (Scale bar = 1 μm). B Immunofluorescence was used to measure the expression of LC3 in placenta trophoblast cells exposed to different CeO2NPs groups on GD12. The red fluorescence represents spongiotrophoblast (Scale bar = 100 μm). The green fluorescence in merge image represents autophagy. C Western blot shows the expression of LC3II/I, Beclin1, and P62 in the blank control (B-ctrl), solvent control (S-ctrl) and CeO2NPs-treated groups on GD12. D–F Corresponding quantitative data of autophagy related proteins expression. *P < 0.05 compared with the control group