Fig. 6
CeO2NPs exposure activated autophagy of HTR-8/SVneo cells by mTORC1 signaling pathway. A Autophagy was observed in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with 4 and 8 μg ml−1 CeO2NPs for 24 h by using TEM. Black arrow indicates autophagosome with a double membrane structure, red arrow indicates autolysosome with a single-layer membrane structure containing degraded organelles and yellow arrow indicates lysosome with a monolayer membrane structure (N: nucleus, Upper scale bar = 2 μm, lower scale bar = 500 nm). B Immunofluorescence was used to measure the expression of LC3 in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with different concentrations of CeO2NPs for 24 h (Scale bar = 10 μm). C Western blot showed the expression of LC3II/I, Beclin1, Atg5, P62, p-Raptor and p-mTOR in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with CeO2NPs at different concentrations for 24 h. D–H Corresponding quantitative data of autophagy related proteins expression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with the control group