Table 4 NP strategies targeting inflammation-related molecules

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs

Neutrophil cell membrane coating

Neutralizing and absorbing pathogenic cytokines

Rheumatoid arthritis

[98]

PLGA NPs

Macrophage cell membrane coating

Neutralizing endotoxins and proinflammatory cytokines

Sepsis

[79]

Dopamine NPs

Melanin

Scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)

Osteoarthritis

[131]

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated dopamine NPs

Melanin

Scavenging ROS and RNS

Ischemic stroke

[133]

PEG NPs

Bilirubin

Scavenging ROS

Colon inflammation

[135]

PEG NPs

Bilirubin

Scavenging ROS

Pancreatic islet xenotransplantation

[136]

Polystyrene NPs

Surface decoration: sulfon (OSO₃); carboxyl (COOH); amine (NH₂)

Inhibiting the activity of myeloperoxidase

–

[138]

Polydopamine-poly (ethylene glycol) NPs

DNase-1

Eliminating cell-free DNA (cfDNA)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-mediated cytokine storms

[93]

PLGA NPs

Metformin hydrochloride

Downregulating the level of IL-1β and TNF-α

Periodontitis in diabetic background

[140]

Silk fibroin NPs

–

Downregulated the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Inflammatory bowel disease

[141]