Fig. 3
Lymph node-targeting characteristic of neoantigen nanovaccines. a Equivalent peptide-NIR797 (Free vaccine group) and DSPE-PEG2000-peptide-NIR797 (Nanovaccine group) were separately mixed with Montanide™ ISA 51 and injected subcutaneously at the tail base of mice. The fluorescence distribution in mice at different time points was photographed by small animal in vivo imaging (n = 3). b Fluorescence image of inguinal lymph nodes 48 h after injection. c The average radiant efficiency of inguinal lymph nodes, spleens and kidneys 48 h after injection. P-values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. **P = 0.0062. d–e A FITC labeled model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was used to evaluate the distribution of nanovaccines. d Localization of nanovaccines and CD3+ T cells in inguinal lymph nodes 48 h after subcutaneous injection of DSPE-PEG2000-OVA-FITC, was shown by immunofluorescence staining. Nanovaccine: green (FITC); T cells (CD3): gray (Cy5); Scale: 500 μm. e Localization of nanovaccines and DCs in lymph nodes 48 h after subcutaneous injection of DSPE-PEG2000-OVA-FITC. Nanovaccine: green (FITC); DCs (CD11c): red (Cy3); Scale: 25 μm